{
  "verifiedAt": "2026-10-23",
  "annualDebtSource": "https://mf.gov.cz/cs/rozpoctova-politika/rizeni-statniho-dluhu/statistiky/struktura-a-vyvoj-statniho-dluhu",
  "units": "mld. Kč; nominální stav ke konci kalendářního roku",
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    "baseCZK": 3677600000000,
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      "year": 1994,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 157.3,
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        "Václav Klaus I."
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      "year": 1995,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 154.4,
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        "Václav Klaus I."
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      "year": 1996,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 155.2,
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        "Václav Klaus I.",
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      "year": 1997,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 173.1,
      "governments": [
        "Václav Klaus II."
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      "year": 1998,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 194.7,
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        "Václav Klaus II.",
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        "Miloš Zeman"
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      "year": 1999,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 228.4,
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    {
      "year": 2000,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 289.3,
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        "Miloš Zeman"
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    {
      "year": 2001,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 345,
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        "Miloš Zeman"
      ]
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    {
      "year": 2002,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 395.9,
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        "Miloš Zeman",
        "Vladimír Špidla"
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      "year": 2003,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 493.2,
      "governments": [
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    {
      "year": 2004,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 592.9,
      "governments": [
        "Vladimír Špidla",
        "Stanislav Gross"
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      "year": 2005,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 691.2,
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        "Jiří Paroubek"
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        "Mirek Topolánek I."
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      "debtBillionsCZK": 892.3,
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        "Mirek Topolánek I.",
        "Mirek Topolánek II."
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      "year": 2008,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 999.8,
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        "Mirek Topolánek II."
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      "year": 2009,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1178.2,
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        "Petr Nečas"
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      "year": 2011,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1499.4,
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      "year": 2012,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1667.6,
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    {
      "year": 2013,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1683.3,
      "governments": [
        "Petr Nečas",
        "Jiří Rusnok"
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    {
      "year": 2014,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1663.7,
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        "Jiří Rusnok",
        "Bohuslav Sobotka"
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2016,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1613.4,
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        "Bohuslav Sobotka"
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      "year": 2017,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1624.7,
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        "Bohuslav Sobotka",
        "Andrej Babiš I."
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      "year": 2018,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1622,
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        "Andrej Babiš II."
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      "year": 2019,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 1640.2,
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        "Andrej Babiš II."
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      "year": 2020,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 2049.7,
      "governments": [
        "Andrej Babiš II."
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      "year": 2021,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 2465.7,
      "governments": [
        "Andrej Babiš II.",
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      "year": 2022,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 2894.8,
      "governments": [
        "Petr Fiala"
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      "year": 2023,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 3110.9,
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      "year": 2024,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 3365.2,
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    {
      "year": 2025,
      "debtBillionsCZK": 3677.6,
      "governments": [
        "Petr Fiala",
        "Andrej Babiš III."
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        "ODS",
        "KDU-ČSL",
        "ODA",
        "KDS"
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      "note": "KDS se v březnu 1996 sloučila s ODS.",
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        "ODS",
        "KDU-ČSL",
        "ODA"
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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        "ODA",
        "ODS → US",
        "nestraníci"
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        "from": "1998-01-02",
        "to": "1998-07-22",
        "startBillionsCZK": 173.21835616438355,
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    {
      "start": "1998-07-22",
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      "name": "Miloš Zeman",
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      "note": "Menšinová vláda ČSSD; ODS ji tolerovala na základě opoziční smlouvy, nebyla vládní stranou.",
      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
      "changeEstimate": {
        "from": "1998-07-22",
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        "startBillionsCZK": 185.1131506849315,
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      "start": "2002-07-15",
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        "KDU-ČSL",
        "US-DEU"
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
      "changeEstimate": {
        "from": "2002-07-15",
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        "startBillionsCZK": 372.33260273972604,
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    {
      "start": "2004-08-04",
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      "name": "Stanislav Gross",
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        "KDU-ČSL",
        "US-DEU"
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
      "changeEstimate": {
        "from": "2004-08-04",
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        "startBillionsCZK": 552.3117486338798,
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    {
      "start": "2005-04-25",
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      "name": "Jiří Paroubek",
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        "KDU-ČSL",
        "US-DEU"
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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        "from": "2005-04-25",
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    {
      "start": "2006-09-04",
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      "name": "Mirek Topolánek I.",
      "parties": [
        "ODS",
        "nestraníci"
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      "note": "Menšinová vláda bez důvěry Poslanecké sněmovny.",
      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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    {
      "start": "2007-01-09",
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      "name": "Mirek Topolánek II.",
      "parties": [
        "ODS",
        "KDU-ČSL",
        "Strana zelených"
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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        "from": "2007-01-09",
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    {
      "start": "2009-05-08",
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      "name": "Jan Fischer",
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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        "from": "2009-05-08",
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      "start": "2010-07-13",
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        "TOP 09",
        "Věci veřejné → LIDEM"
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      "note": "Původně koalice s Věcmi veřejnými; po rozkolu v roce 2012 pokračovala s LIDEM.",
      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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      "start": "2013-07-10",
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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      "start": "2014-01-29",
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        "ANO",
        "KDU-ČSL"
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      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
      "changeEstimate": {
        "from": "2014-01-29",
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    {
      "start": "2017-12-13",
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      "name": "Andrej Babiš I.",
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        "nestraníci"
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      "note": "Menšinová vláda bez důvěry Poslanecké sněmovny.",
      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
      "changeEstimate": {
        "from": "2017-12-13",
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        "startBillionsCZK": 1624.1427397260275,
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      "start": "2018-06-27",
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      "name": "Andrej Babiš II.",
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        "ČSSD"
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      "note": "Menšinová koalice s podporou KSČM do dubna 2021; KSČM nebyla vládní stranou.",
      "source": "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
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        "TOP 09",
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      "start": "2025-12-15",
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        "percentGDP": 39.5,
        "percentGDP2024": 38,
        "changePercentagePoints": 1.5
      },
      {
        "country": "Chorvatsko",
        "percentGDP": 56.3,
        "percentGDP2024": 57.4,
        "changePercentagePoints": -1.1
      },
      {
        "country": "Česko",
        "percentGDP": 44.3,
        "percentGDP2024": 43.3,
        "changePercentagePoints": 1.0
      },
      {
        "country": "Dánsko",
        "percentGDP": 27.9,
        "percentGDP2024": 30.5,
        "changePercentagePoints": -2.6
      },
      {
        "country": "Maďarsko",
        "percentGDP": 74.6,
        "percentGDP2024": 73.5,
        "changePercentagePoints": 1.1
      },
      {
        "country": "Polsko",
        "percentGDP": 59.7,
        "percentGDP2024": 54.8,
        "changePercentagePoints": 4.9
      },
      {
        "country": "Švédsko",
        "percentGDP": 35.1,
        "percentGDP2024": 34.2,
        "changePercentagePoints": 0.9
      },
      {
        "country": "Bulharsko",
        "percentGDP": 29.9,
        "percentGDP2024": 23.8,
        "changePercentagePoints": 6.1
      },
      {
        "country": "Rumunsko",
        "percentGDP": 59.3,
        "percentGDP2024": 54.8,
        "changePercentagePoints": 4.5
      },
      {
        "country": "Průměr EU",
        "percentGDP": 81.7,
        "percentGDP2024": 80.7,
        "changePercentagePoints": 1.0
      }
    ],
    "changeMethod": "Rozdíl poměru konsolidovaného hrubého dluhu k HDP mezi koncem roku 2025 a 2024, v procentních bodech. Neměří růst nominálního dluhu v korunách či eurech. Hodnoty z téže dubnové notifikace 2026; vypočtené z poměrů zaokrouhlených na jedno desetinné místo."
  },
  "governmentSources": [
    "https://vlada.gov.cz/scripts/detail.php?pgid=1337",
    "https://acpo.vedeckecasopisy.cz/publicFiles/002549.pdf",
    "https://tacr.gov.cz/wp-content/uploads/documents/2021/04/06/1617694770_Kniha%20%E2%80%9E1989%2B25%3DV%C3%BDzkum%20u%C5%BEite%C4%8Dn%C3%BD%20pro%20spole%C4%8Dnost.pdf",
    "https://www.pirati.cz/jak-pirati-pracuji/?tag_id=6627",
    "https://www.ods.cz/clanek/3445-nova-koalicni-smlouva-bude-do-konce-roku",
    "https://www.hrad.cz/cs/pro-media/tiskove-zpravy/aktualni-tiskove-zpravy/prezident-petr-pavel-jmenuje-vladu-ceske-republiky-18974"
  ],
  "canonicalOrigin": "https://www.dluhstatu.cz",
  "debtService": {
    "source": "https://mf.gov.cz/assets/attachments/2025-12-31_Zprava-o-rizeni-statniho-dluhu-CR-2025.pdf",
    "table": "Tabulka 14, mil. Kč; čisté hotovostní úroky a saldo kapitoly 396",
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 39.4,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 39.551
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 39.971,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 40.145
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 42.004,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 42.234
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 49.459,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 49.705
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 68.21,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 68.318
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 88.307,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 88.458
      },
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "interestBillionsCZK": 97.972,
        "totalBillionsCZK": 98.126
      }
    ],
    "currentBudget": {
      "year": 2026,
      "approxTotalBillionsCZK": 110,
      "status": "Přibližný celoroční rozpočtový údaj, nikoli dosavadní skutečné platby",
      "source": "https://mf.gov.cz/cs/ministerstvo/media/v-mediich/2026/rozhovor-s-alenou-schillerovou-o-priprave-rozpoctu-62470"
    },
    "projection": {
      "horizon": 2035,
      "effectiveInterestRatePercent": 3,
      "formula": "(3677.6 + annualDebtIncreaseBillionsCZK * (horizon - 2025)) * effectiveInterestRatePercent / 100",
      "note": "Ilustrační plně promítnutá efektivní sazba na celém modelovém stavu dluhu; nezachycuje splatnost emisí, časový profil plateb, výnosy ani poplatky. Není prognózou MF."
    }
  },
  "debtBrake": {
    "estimatedYear": 2034,
    "thresholdPercentGDP": 55,
    "reportDate": "2026-09-24",
    "source": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2026/",
    "definitionSource": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/o-verejnych-financich/vse-o-verejnych-financich/",
    "note": "Scénář NRR, nikoli jistý termín. Zákonný ukazatel je dluh sektoru veřejných institucí snížený o rezervu peněžních prostředků při financování státního dluhu, v poměru k HDP."
  },
  "opportunityCosts": {
    "motorway": {
      "name": "D35 Hořice–Sadová",
      "lengthKm": 10.45,
      "constructionCostExVATCZK": 2743113438,
      "assumedVATPercent": 21,
      "unitBillionsCZK": 0.3176236612421053,
      "source": "https://md.gov.cz/Media/Media-a-tiskove-zpravy/RSD-dvoji-TZ?returl=%2FMedia%2FMedia-a-tiskove-zpravy",
      "note": "Cena stavby po valorizaci a změnách zveřejněná 16. 12. 2025; pro přepočet přičtena DPH 21 %. Nezahrnuje automaticky všechny investiční náklady, výkupy pozemků a přípravu. Není průměrnou cenou všech českých dálnic."
    },
    "hospital": {
      "unitBillionsCZK": 10,
      "status": "Volitelný modelový rozpočet celé nové nemocnice, nikoli ověřená jednotková tržní cena. Výchozí předpoklad 10 mld. Kč včetně vybavení a případných daní. Lze změnit na 5 až 20 mld. Kč."
    },
    "school": {
      "name": "ZŠ a MŠ U Elektry, Praha 9",
      "unitBillionsCZK": 0.57,
      "capacityPupilsApprox": 800,
      "referenceYear": 2023,
      "source": "https://praha10.cz/ocemsemluvi/artmid/10566/zastupce-magistratu-se-stredni-skolou-misto-byvale-radnice-nesouhlasi-nova-skola-muze-vyrust-na-jinych-mistech-desitky?articleid=5324",
      "note": "MČ Praha 10 uvádí cenu nově postavené školy U Elektry pro 800 žáků přibližně 570 mil. Kč. Jde o konkrétní stavbu otevřenou v roce 2023, nikoli současnou univerzální cenu školy. Zdroj výslovně nerozepisuje daňový režim a úplný rozsah nákladů. Počet celých škol je zaokrouhlen dolů; bez budoucí inflace, personálu a provozu."
    }
  },
  "governmentChangeMethod": {
    "name": "Lineární interpolace mezi ročními stavy MF",
    "earliestObservation": "1993-12-31",
    "latestObservation": "2025-12-31",
    "note": "Odhad změny stavu dluhu mezi začátkem a koncem mandátu. Uvnitř každého roku předpokládá rovnoměrný vývoj, včetně období poklesu. Nejde o skutečné stavy k předání vlády ani kauzální přiřazení odpovědnosti. První a dosud působící vláda mají zkrácené pokrytí daty."
  }
}