{
  "updated": "2026-10-23",
  "title": "State debt in the news",
  "methodology": "A selection of historical articles, not a complete media archive. Ordered by publication date, or update date where that is all the publisher provides. Headlines are translated from the original wording, retaining contemporary forecasts and rounding. Summaries are our own. ČTK identifies the news agency; the outlet identifies where a story appeared.",
  "articles": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-16",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "agency": "ČTK",
      "title": "Czech state debt rises to a record CZK 3.882 trillion over three quarters",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/cesky-statni-dluh-za-tri-ctvrtleti-vzrostl-na-rekordnich-3882-bilionu/2888547",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The third-quarter 2026 balance, interest costs and the structure of bondholders."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-08",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Next year's budget repeats the mistake of 2019. Borrowing in good times fuels inflation",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-67939410-rozpocet-na-pristi-rok-opakuje-chybu-z-roku-2019-financovani-na-dluh-v-dobrych-casech-prohlubuje-inflaci",
      "topic": "Commentary",
      "summary": "Ondřej Schneider's commentary on the planned 2027 budget.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-08",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council statement on the draft 2027 state budget",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/vyjadreni-nrr-k-navrhu-statniho-rozpoctu-na-rok-2027/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council opinion",
      "summary": "Official assessment of revenue, expenditure and budgeting practices in the 2027 draft.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-24",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2026",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2026/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "The Fiscal Council's baseline scenario, including the projected debt-brake crossing in 2034.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-17",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Czechia is borrowing with its foot on the accelerator. The bill will be expensive",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-finance-byznys-komodity-dluhopisy-cesky-dluh-roste-na-splatky-navic-jdou-stale-drazsi-penize-315541",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Refinancing, market yields and the gradual repricing of old debt explained."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-14",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "How to fix the budget? Economists who tried to persuade Babiš respond",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-finance-zkouseli-premluvit-babise-ale-marne-jak-by-experti-spravili-cesky-rozpocet-315014",
      "topic": "Analysis",
      "summary": "Economists including Mojmír Hampl propose changes to government revenue and expenditure."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-07",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Even investment is not a blank cheque for the Czech state budget",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-67926460-ani-investice-nejsou-bianko-sekem-pro-cesky-statni-rozpocet",
      "topic": "Commentary",
      "summary": "Martin Komrska's view on debt-financed investment and budget limits.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-04",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "The government borrowed tens of billions from households and will offer more bonds before Christmas",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-vlada-si-od-lidi-pujcila-desitky-miliard-dalsi-dluhopisy-nabidne-pred-vanoci-40596106",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Household bonds and changes in the financing mix of state liabilities."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-09-01",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "Pavel says the draft budget is poor and its deficit too high",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/zive-briefing-prezidenta-pavla-po-debate-se-starosty-v-konici/2865414",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The president's response to the planned 2027 budget deficit.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-30",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "A CZK 400 billion deficit? Perhaps we should not have mentioned it, says economist",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/audio-podcast-ptam-se-ja-schodek-pod-400-miliard-mame-se-bat-nebo-radovat-ekonom-odpovida-312012",
      "topic": "Interview",
      "summary": "An interview with Fiscal Council chair Mojmír Hampl on deficits and fiscal rules."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-26",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Cash Only: Czech borrowing costs are rising fastest in the EU. Why might that be?",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-cash-only-cesky-dluh-zdrazuje-nejvic-v-eu-cim-to-asi-bude-311665",
      "topic": "Commentary",
      "summary": "Jiří Nádoba's commentary on bond yields and fiscal policy plans."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-30",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "Supreme Audit Office: the government failed to use favourable conditions to stabilise finances",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/nku-stat-nevyuzil-priznive-podminky-ke-stabilizaci-financi/2805988",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Annual assessment of the 2025 budget, mandatory spending and rising interest costs.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-30",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "The government missed last year's chance to stabilise public finances, says the auditor. Despite investment, digitalisation, transport and the military lag behind",
      "url": "https://domaci.hn.cz/c1-67861270-stat-loni-nevyuzil-prilezitost-ke-stabilizaci-verejnych-financi-tvrdi-nku-navzdory-investicim-zaostava-digitalizace-doprava-i-armada",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Assessment of 2025 state finances and public investment outcomes.",
      "agency": "ČTK",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-09",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Record demand for record Czech debt",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-byznys-trendy-analyzy-o-rekordni-cesky-dluh-je-rekordni-zajem-300593",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Who buys Czech government bonds and how the holder mix is changing."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02-27",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "State debt rose by CZK 312.3 billion last year, exceeding CZK 3.5 trillion",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-statni-dluh-loni-vzrostl-o-3123-miliardy-presahl-tak-hranici-35-bilionu-299898",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Reporting on 2025 results, bond issuance and rising debt-servicing costs.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02-10",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council statement on the draft 2026 state budget",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/vyjadreni-nrr-k-navrhu-statniho-rozpoctu-na-rok-2026/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council opinion",
      "summary": "Official assessment of the draft budget against the expenditure limits then in force.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02-04",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "State debt expected to rise by CZK 313.6 billion this year",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2781811",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Debt and servicing-cost projections in the draft 2026 budget.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01-28",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "The budget unquestionably breaches the law, says the Fiscal Council",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-finance-je-nezpochybnitelne-ze-rozpocet-je-v-rozporu-se-zakonem-tvrdi-rozpoctova-rada-297540",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Reporting on the Fiscal Council's objections to the draft 2026 budget.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01-13",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Commentary: the “Ministry of Debt” already costs us CZK 100 billion. Start saving there",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-politika-komentar-ministerstvo-dluhu-nas-stoji-uz-100-miliard-zacneme-setrit-tam-296123",
      "topic": "Commentary",
      "summary": "David Klimeš's view on rising debt costs and possible savings."
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01-06",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "Last year's state budget ended with a CZK 290.7 billion deficit",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2768003",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The 2025 result, deviation from the approved plan and economists' responses.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01-06",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "State debt reached CZK 3.678 trillion at the end of 2025",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-statni-dluh-ke-konci-roku-2025-vzrostl-na-3678-bilionu-korun-40556235",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "January's review of 2025 and expenditure linked to debt financing.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-10-09",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2025",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2025/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "The outlook after pension system changes and with rising defence costs.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-07-18",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Czech state debt rose by CZK 139 billion in the first half-year",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-cesky-statni-dluh-v-pololeti-vzrostl-o-139-miliard-korun-282185",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The mid-2025 balance and debt relative to economic size.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-03-31",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "Rising state debt threatens public finance stability, says the Supreme Audit Office",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2654587",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The auditor's assessment of 2024 finances and the ministry's response.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-01-06",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "State budget ends with a CZK 271.4 billion deficit",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-statni-rozpocet-skoncil-loni-v-deficitu-2714-miliardy-40503259",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "2024 results and preliminary state debt and interest figures."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-09-19",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2024",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2024/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "Effects of fiscal consolidation and pension system changes on long-term projections.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-04-19",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "Czechia keeps borrowing and breaking records",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-cesko-jede-stale-na-dluh-a-trha-rekordy-40468617",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Debt after the first quarter of 2024 and its relationship to the budget deficit."
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-04-02",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "Supreme Audit Office: government failed to move the budget towards balance",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-narust-prijmu-nesnizil-tempo-zadluzovani-40466088",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The auditor assesses mandatory expenditure and debt-servicing costs.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-02-29",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "Last year's state debt hit a record. Nearly CZK 286,000 per Czech resident",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-statni-dluh-se-loni-zvysil-na-rekordnich-3111-bilionu-40462562",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Confirmed 2023 debt results in the figures published at the time.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-01-10",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "State debt costs are rising fast. In two years they will exceed spending on new motorways and railways",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-67283060-naklady-na-statni-dluh-rychle-rostou-za-dva-roky-prevysi-vydaje-do-novych-dalnic-a-zeleznic",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Interest-cost developments and the outlook for their budget impact at the time.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-01-04",
      "source": "Aktuálně.cz",
      "title": "Last year's state budget ended with a CZK 288.5 billion deficit",
      "url": "https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/ekonomika/statni-rozpocet-loni-skoncil-ve-schodku-288-5-miliardy-korun/r~f35b9374aae511eebc030cc47ab5f122/",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Comparing the 2023 outcome with earlier pandemic deficits.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-01-04",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "Counted: last year's budget deficit was CZK 288.5 billion",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-rozpocet-mel-loni-schodek-2885-miliardy-40456105",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The 2023 balance, revenue, spending and reasons for rising debt."
    },
    {
      "date": "2023-09-27",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Five reasons why Czechia is condemned to debt",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-pet-duvodu-proc-cesky-stat-neumi-a-dlouho-nebude-fungovat-bez-dluhu-237353",
      "topic": "Analysis",
      "summary": "Analysis of mandatory spending, indexation and the draft 2024 budget."
    },
    {
      "date": "2023-09-21",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2023",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2023/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "Structural deficits, automatic indexation and long-term budget pressures.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2023-01-03",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "Budget deficit reaches CZK 360.4 billion; state debt rises to CZK 2.895 trillion",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2305814",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The 2022 fiscal balance and expenditure mix at the time.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2022-09-15",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2022",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2022/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "Long-term public finance imbalances after the pandemic and at the start of the energy crisis.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2022-04-26",
      "source": "České noviny",
      "title": "Government approves the draft final state accounts for 2021",
      "url": "https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2197499",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "A proposal to settle the deficit and debt developments after the pandemic year.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2022-01-06",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Worst in history: a CZK 420 billion hole in the state budget",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ekonomika-finance-nejhorsi-v-historii-ve-statnim-rozpoctu-byla-dira-420-miliard-korun-184937",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The final balance of the record 2021 budget deficit.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2021-06-22",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2021",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2021/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "Effects of looser fiscal rules and permanent tax and spending changes.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2021-06-08",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Commentary: the government offers nothing for the huge debt. Least of all a future",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/komentar-za-obri-dluh-nenabizi-vlada-nic-hlavne-ne-budoucnost-166791",
      "topic": "Commentary",
      "summary": "Martin Čaban's view on planned deficits and the composition of government spending."
    },
    {
      "date": "2021-02-12",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "You owe CZK 191,000: record state debt divided per citizen",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/dluzite-191-tisic-tolik-cini-prepocet-rekordniho-statniho-dluhu-na-obcana-142107",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The full-year 2020 outcome and rising debt during the pandemic.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2020-10-16",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "State debt stood at CZK 2.07 trillion by the end of September",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/statni-dluh-do-konce-zari-stoupl-na-207-bilionu-korun-124701",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "An interim pandemic-year balance and issues financing the exceptional deficit.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2020-06-24",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2020",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2020/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "The pandemic and the changing public finance starting point for the coming decades.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2020-03-24",
      "source": "Aktuálně.cz",
      "title": "Lower house approves raising this year's budget deficit from CZK 40 billion to CZK 200 billion",
      "url": "https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/ekonomika/ceska-ekonomika/snemovna-schvalila-zvyseni-schodku-letosniho-rozpoctu-ze-40/r~b110f7806e0711ea8972ac1f6b220ee8/",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The first emergency deficit increase after the COVID-19 outbreak.",
      "agency": "ČTK",
      "dateType": "updated"
    },
    {
      "date": "2020-02-14",
      "source": "Aktuálně.cz",
      "title": "State debt rose to CZK 1.640 trillion last year. Theoretical debt per Czech resident: CZK 150,000",
      "url": "https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/ekonomika/statni-dluh-loni-stoupl-na-1-640-bilionu-korun/r~61adb5b84f3311eaac60ac1f6b220ee8/",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The 2019 balance, when nominal debt rose slightly and the debt-to-GDP ratio fell.",
      "dateType": "updated"
    },
    {
      "date": "2019-06-11",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2019",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2019/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "The Fiscal Council's second report on long-term government revenue and spending risks.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2019-01-03",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "Last year's budget ended with a CZK 2.9 billion surplus, against a planned CZK 50 billion deficit",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/rozpocet-v-lonskem-roce-skoncil-prebytkem-2-9-miliardy-planoval-se-schodek-50-miliard-69642",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The 2018 outcome, including lower nominal debt and a lower debt-to-GDP ratio.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2018-12-03",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Ministry launches Republic Bond issues. Is it worth investing?",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/ministerstvo-spousti-emise-dluhopisu-republiky-vyplati-se-investovat-61744",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "The start of household bond sales; terms as described in 2018."
    },
    {
      "date": "2018-10-30",
      "source": "Czech Fiscal Council",
      "title": "Fiscal Council report on the long-term sustainability of public finances 2018",
      "url": "https://www.rozpoctovarada.cz/publikace/zprava-nrr-o-dlouhodobe-udrzitelnosti-verejnych-financi-2018/",
      "topic": "Fiscal Council report",
      "summary": "The Fiscal Council's first long-term projection: population ageing and public finances.",
      "kind": "official"
    },
    {
      "date": "2017-04-21",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State debt rises again to an all-time high, driven by government bond sales",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-dluh-zase-stoupl-a-prekonal-nejvyssi-uroven-v-historii-je-za-tim-prodej-statnich-dluhopisu-98582",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Prefinancing at negative yields and subsequent repayment of old issues.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2017-01-03",
      "source": "Seznam Zprávy",
      "title": "Babiš's day: announcing an unprecedented surplus",
      "url": "https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/sledujeme-zive-babis-oznami-prebytek-jaky-tu-jeste-nikdy-nebyl-8139",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The 2016 outcome and the role of tax collection, EU funding and investment."
    },
    {
      "date": "2016-09-01",
      "source": "Aktuálně.cz",
      "title": "Budget remains in record surplus. Babiš takes credit, but analysts say his contribution was limited",
      "url": "https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/ekonomika/rozpocet-byl-v-srpnu-v-rekordnim-prebytku-prijmy-statu-rostl/r~9a6174d2704111e6a4100025900fea04/",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The August surplus and different explanations for the improved balance.",
      "agency": "ČTK",
      "dateType": "updated"
    },
    {
      "date": "2016-06-29",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Finance ministry audit reveals a CZK 14 billion loss from risky debt management. Some documents also disappeared",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-65350540-babisuv-audit-ukazal-na-miliardove-ztraty-pri-riskantni-sprave-statniho-dluhu",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "HN's findings from the ministry's hedging audit at the time.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2016-02-12",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "Czech debt rises again instead of falling further. Average debt per person: CZK 159,000",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/zadluzeni-ceska-misto-dalsiho-poklesu-opet-vzrostlo-kazdy-dluzi-v-prumeru-159-tisic-120678",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The 2015 balance and the effect of bond issuance conditions.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2015-11-03",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Czechia has spent its state reserves. Finance ministry declines cheap borrowing despite investor demand",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-64816940-cesko-utratilo-statni-rezervy-ministerstvo-financi-nechce-vyuzit-zajmu-investoru-a-levne-si-pujcit",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Reporting on cash reserve drawdowns and the debate over optimal state debt management.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2015-07-17",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "Babiš: more efficient management has reduced state debt",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/babis-statni-dluh-diky-efektivnejsimu-rizeni-klesl-130227",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The first-half decline and economic explanations of reserve drawdowns."
    },
    {
      "date": "2014-12-10",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "I struggled to hold the line, says Babiš of the CZK 100 billion deficit",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/mel-jsem-co-delat-abych-to-ustal-rekl-babis-o-stomiliardovem-deficitu-341567",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Approval of the 2015 budget and the debate over deficits during economic growth."
    },
    {
      "date": "2014-08-02",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State budget in good shape; deficit may be lower",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-rozpocet-je-v-dobre-kondici-schodek-mozna-bude-nizsi-334984",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Revenue developments during the recovery and full-year deficit estimates."
    },
    {
      "date": "2013-12-16",
      "source": "Aktuálně.cz",
      "title": "State debt to exceed CZK 2 trillion by 2016",
      "url": "https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/ekonomika/dluh-statu-prevysi-do-roku-2016-dva-biliony-korun/r~3b72abde666811e39c89002590604f2e/",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The ministry's outlook at the time, not the eventual actual result.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2013-01-10",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State debt: CZK 159,000 per Czech resident",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-dluh-kazdy-cech-dluzi-159-tisic-295069",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The 2012 result and the effect of cash reserves on gross debt."
    },
    {
      "date": "2012-07-10",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State debt rises again: now CZK 156,000 per Czech resident",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-dluh-opet-stoupl-kazdy-cech-uz-dluzi-156-tisic-279129",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Debt growth including a reserve against possible euro-area stress."
    },
    {
      "date": "2011-09-15",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State debt rises by CZK 69 billion in the first half-year",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-dluh-se-za-pololeti-zvysil-o-69-miliard-241543",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The mid-year balance and borrowing plans for subsequent years at the time."
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-11-03",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "MPs approve another CZK 275 billion in bonds",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/poslanci-posvetili-vydani-dalsich-dluhopisu-za-275-miliard-217729",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Refinancing earlier liabilities: new issues need not increase net debt."
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-09-30",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "State plans CZK 274 billion in bond issues",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-46672610-stat-chce-vydat-dluhopisy-za-274-miliard-korun",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Financing maturing liabilities and the difference between new issuance and rising debt.",
      "agency": "ČTK",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-06-03",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Analysts: debt repayment will become more expensive for Czechia",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-44041280-analytici-cesku-se-prodrazi-splaceni-dluhu",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Analysts' expectations at the time for bond yields and government financing costs.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-01-08",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State debt crosses the trillion-koruna mark",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-dluh-presahl-bilionovou-hranici-197103",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Debt growth during the global financial crisis and financing of new deficits."
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-01-04",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "Final bill for last year's deficit: CZK 192.2 billion",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/finalni-ucet-za-lonsky-schodek-192-2-miliardy-196090",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The first January balance for the crisis-hit 2009 budget."
    },
    {
      "date": "2009-06-15",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "Czechia now owes more than CZK 1 trillion",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/cesko-uz-dluzi-vice-nez-bilion-181102",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Crossing the trillion-koruna threshold and contemporary expectations of future interest costs."
    },
    {
      "date": "2008-01-08",
      "source": "ČT24",
      "title": "State debt exceeded CZK 892.3 billion in 2007",
      "url": "https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/ekonomika/statni-dluh-v-roce-2007-presahl-892-3-miliardy-korun-142249",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The 2007 state debt balance and its long-term growth."
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-04-03",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Fast-growing economy slows government debt",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-20812610-rychla-ekonomika-zbrzdila-statni-dluhy",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Economic growth, tax collection and Maastricht criteria in the statistics of the time.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-01-08",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "State debt reaches CZK 78,000 per Czech resident",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/stat-zatizil-kazdeho-cecha-dluhem-78-000-korun.A070108_140700_ekonomika_str",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The 2006 result, the budget deficit and further borrowing needs."
    },
    {
      "date": "2006-09-15",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "State debt now amounts to CZK 71,000 per Czech resident",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-kazdy-cech-uz-dluzi-za-stat-71-000-kc-40130122",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "First-half state debt developments and the per-capita calculation."
    },
    {
      "date": "2005-12-15",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "Czechia now owes CZK 663 billion",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-cesko-uz-dluzi-663-miliardy-korun-39788",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The debt balance after the third quarter of 2005 and its composition.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2004-03-17",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "State debt reaches CZK 50,000 per Czech resident",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/stat-zadluzil-kazdeho-cecha-na-50-tisic.A040317_101005_ekonomika_maf",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "A look at 2003 borrowing and differences between debt measures."
    },
    {
      "date": "2004-01-14",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "Government wants to reduce planned borrowing",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-vlada-chce-zmirnit-naplanovane-zadluzeni-zeme-279599",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "A plan to bring future deficits below CZK 100 billion.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2003-09-17",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Czechia repays foreign-currency debt and saves money",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/cesko-smazalo-devizovy-dluh-a-usetrilo.A030917_140236_ekonomika_klu",
      "topic": "Interest and financing",
      "summary": "Early repayment of a foreign loan and interest savings.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2003-03-17",
      "source": "Novinky.cz",
      "title": "State debt jumps to CZK 395.9 billion",
      "url": "https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-statni-dluh-vyskocil-na-3959-miliardy-korun-252237",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Reporting on the full-year 2002 debt result.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2002-12-17",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "State debts growing at the fastest rate in history",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/dluhy-statu-rostou-nejrychleji-v-historii.A021216_220529_ekonomika_was",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The contemporary debate over public finance reform and deficit reduction."
    },
    {
      "date": "2002-09-16",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Government debt approaches CZK 400 billion",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/dluh-vlady-splha-ke-ctyrem-stamiliardam.A020617_101049_ekonomika_klu",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "Government debt growth and warnings about mandatory spending before EU accession."
    },
    {
      "date": "2002-06-18",
      "source": "Hospodářské noviny",
      "title": "Czech state debt is growing alarmingly",
      "url": "https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-11175640-statni-dluh-ceska-hrozive-narusta",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "iHNed's contemporary view of deficits and borrowing before the incoming government.",
      "sourceAlias": "HN.cz / iHNed.cz"
    },
    {
      "date": "2001-12-03",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Budget deficit already reaches CZK 60 billion",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/rozpoctovy-schodek-uz-narostl-na-60-miliard.A011203_155104_ekonomika_ven",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "November state finances and expectations for the full-year outcome at the time.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "2001-09-21",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "State borrowing set to grow rapidly",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/zadluzeni-statu-rychle-poroste.A010921_180523_ekonomika_ven",
      "topic": "State debt",
      "summary": "The debt outlook to 2004 and the debate over expenditure reform."
    },
    {
      "date": "2000-07-14",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Last year's state budget ended with a CZK 29 billion deficit",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/statni-rozpocet-loni-skoncil-s-deficitem-29-miliard.A000714155041ekonomika_jjx",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Approval of the 1999 final accounts and bond financing of the deficit.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "1999-09-01",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Year-end budget deficit to exceed target by CZK 10 billion",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/rozpocet-na-konci-roku-prekroci-schodek-o-10-miliard-korun.A_990901_152231_ekonomika_lsd",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "A contemporary budget estimate and pension account shortfalls.",
      "agency": "ČTK"
    },
    {
      "date": "1998-11-05",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Ministers have an unusual party today: budget talks",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/ministri-maji-dnes-zvlastni-vecirek-jednaji-o-rozpoctu.A_981105_081230_ekonomika_noc",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "The second budget version, with a proposed CZK 31 billion deficit."
    },
    {
      "date": "1998-10-16",
      "source": "iDNES.cz",
      "title": "Government to try adjusting the budget to Christian Democrats' wishes",
      "url": "https://www.idnes.cz/ekonomika/domaci/vlada-se-pokusi-rozpocet-upravit-podle-prani-lidovcu.A_981016_091835_ekonomika_noc",
      "topic": "Budget",
      "summary": "Negotiations over the deficit 1999 budget and investment funding."
    }
  ]
}